Medicinal, Psychological, and Health Research Journal (MPHRJ)

Abstract Abstract

This article explores a cross-disciplinary framework linking architectural design principles with facial surgery, arguing that both fields address structure, aesthetics, function, and human perception through comparable logics. Architecture organizes space through proportion, symmetry, load distribution, and material behavior; facial surgery similarly reshapes bone and soft tissue to restore balance, stability, and expression. Drawing on architectural theories of form, modularity, and structural hierarchy, the paper proposes an analytical model for understanding the face as a dynamic, inhabitable structure rather than a static surface. Concepts such as scale, rhythm, tectonics, and contextual integration are translated into surgical planning tools that support more predictable functional and aesthetic outcomes. The study synthesizes literature from architecture, craniofacial surgery, biomechanics, and visual psychology, and illustrates how architectural thinking can enhance preoperative analysis, three-dimensional modeling, and patient-specific design. Conversely, insights from facial surgery—particularly adaptability, biological constraints, and healing processes—are shown to offer architecture valuable perspectives on responsive design and human-centered construction. By framing facial surgery as a form of micro-architecture and architecture as a macro-expression of embodied form, the article highlights shared epistemologies that transcend disciplinary boundaries. This integrative approach encourages collaboration between architects and surgeons, promotes innovative educational models, and opens new research pathways in digital simulation, biomimetic design, and aesthetic evaluation. Ultimately, the paper argues that understanding faces and buildings through a unified structural and perceptual lens can lead to more ethical, functional, and aesthetically coherent interventions in both the built environment and the human body. Such a perspective reframes professional responsibility, emphasizing long-term impact, interdisciplinary literacy, and the careful alignment of technique, meaning, and lived experience within complex social, cultural, and ethical contexts across contemporary practice globally today.

Abstract Introduction: Obese postmenopausal women undergoing thoracic surgery represent a high‑risk population due to the combined effects of hormonal deprivation, metabolic dysfunction, and reduced cardiopulmonary reserve. These factors significantly increase postoperative complications, ICU admission rates, and mortality, underscoring the need for tailored perioperative and critical care strategies in this vulnerable group.

Material and methods: This retrospective cross sectional study reviewed medical records of postmenopausal women admitted to the intensive care units of Imam Reza Hospital over a five year period. Clinical, demographic, and outcome data were collected using predefined criteria, and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS to evaluate associations between obesity, ICU outcomes, and mortality.

Results: Obese postmenopausal women admitted to the ICU after thoracic surgery exhibited significantly worse clinical outcomes compared with non obese patients. Obesity was associated with higher disease severity, increased need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support, longer ICU and hospital stays, and elevated ICU and 28 day mortality rates. These findings highlight obesity as a major determinant of postoperative morbidity and short term mortality in critically ill postmenopausal women.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrates that obesity markedly deteriorates short term clinical outcomes among postmenopausal women admitted to the ICU following thoracic surgery. The data reveal higher disease severity, prolonged intensive care utilization, increased organ failure, and substantially greater mortality rates compared with non obese patients.

Abstract Temple volumization has become an integral component of facial rejuvenation, aiming to restore youthful contours and address age-related soft tissue loss. Despite the increasing use of dermal fillers in the temporal region, variability exists regarding filler type, injection depth, technique, and clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction associated with temple filler injections. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2000 to December 2025. Studies reporting on outcomes of hyaluronic acid (HA), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) in temple rejuvenation were included. Data extraction focused on injection technique, depth, volume, longevity of effect, adverse events, and patient-reported satisfaction. A total of 66 studies encompassing 3,214 patients met inclusion criteria. Meta-analytic pooling demonstrated significant improvement in temporal volume restoration with HA, PLLA, and CaHA, with standardized mean differences (SMD) of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.85–1.39), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.77–1.32), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.70–1.26), respectively. Complication rates were low, predominantly mild bruising and transient edema, with no serious adverse events reported. Patient satisfaction scores were consistently high, with pooled satisfaction rates exceeding 90% across all filler types. Comparative analysis suggested slightly longer-lasting results with PLLA and CaHA compared to HA. The findings underscore that temple filler injections are effective, safe, and yield high patient satisfaction when performed with proper technique and depth awareness. Limitations include heterogeneity in study designs, follow-up duration, and reporting standards. Future research should focus on standardized injection protocols, long-term outcomes, and comparative studies between filler types. Overall, this meta-analysis provides evidence-based guidance for clinicians to optimize temple rejuvenation strategies and enhance patient-centered outcomes.

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in extensive neural tissue damage and significant functional deficits, representing a major challenge in neuroscience and rehabilitation medicine. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, effective neuronal regeneration and functional recovery remain limited. Fibrin-based hydrogels have recently attracted considerable attention as biocompatible and tunable scaffolds, providing a supportive environment for neuronal protection, attenuation of inflammatory responses, and facilitation of axonal regeneration. This study presents the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of fibrin hydrogels on neural repair following SCI in both animal models and human studies. A comprehensive search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to December 2025, selecting controlled studies with extractable quantitative data. Study quality assessed using standardized tools, including SYRCLE and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis results demonstrated that fibrin hydrogel treatment significantly improved motor function (assessed via BBB and BMS scores), enhanced axonal regeneration, and reduced lesion cavity size (p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis indicated that combining fibrin hydrogels with stem cells or neurotrophic factors further amplified therapeutic outcomes. Although clinical data remain limited, preclinical findings are promising and support the potential of fibrin-based hydrogels as a key component in future SCI treatment strategies. Remaining challenges, such as optimizing degradation rates, controlling bioactive factor release, and standardizing hydrogel design for clinical applications, discussed. Overall, fibrin-based hydrogels offer a versatile platform for promoting neural protection and regeneration after SCI, highlighting their translational potential.

Abstract Persistent HPV infection drives carcinogenesis via E6/E7 targeting p53 and Rb inactivation; loss of the p16 gatekeeper amplifies cellular susceptibility to HPV integration, rapidly accelerating progression toward invasive disease, defining critical targets for therapeutic precision and risk stratification. This narrative review rigorously synthesized literature from PubMed, Scopus, and other databases using combined MeSH terms and keywords like “cervical cancer” AND “HPV” AND “p16 expression,” filtering for English-language, full-text articles indexed before January 2026, explicitly excluding editorials and non-human studies via initial screening followed by full-text assessment focused solely on molecular pathogenesis linking viral oncogenesis to host cell cycle control in precursor lesions. High-risk HPV infection drives cervical carcinogenesis through E6 and E7 oncogenes, which degrade p53 and inactivate Rb, leading to uncontrolled proliferation reflected by compensatory p16 overexpression, a robust biomarker for high-grade disease. Viral integration is a critical step, often disrupting host genes like CDKN2A while locking in high E6/E7 expression, creating genomic instability. Clinically, p16 status helps triage positive HPV tests to identify high-risk lesions; while CDK4/6 inhibitors offer therapeutic avenues, primary vaccination remains the definitive strategy by eliminating the initiating oncogenic stimulus.

Abstract The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly affected various domains of education, particularly Computer Science Education (CSE). This systematic review critically examines the role of AI-driven technologies in enhancing learning and teaching processes within CSE, with a specific focus on database instruction. By synthesizing empirical studies, educational interventions, and theoretical frameworks published between 2010 and 2025, the review identifies key AI applications, pedagogical benefits, challenges, and future research directions. The integration of AI in CSE is shown to support personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, automated assessment, and adaptive feedback—each contributing to improved student engagement and performance. In the specific context of database education, AI technologies such as intelligent tutoring systems, natural language interfaces, and machine learning-based recommendation engines assist students in grasping complex concepts like relational schema design, query optimization, and transaction management. Furthermore, AI-driven analytics enable instructors to identify learning gaps, monitor progress, and adjust instructional strategies in real time. Despite promising outcomes, challenges persist, including the scarcity of domain-specific intelligent tools, data privacy concerns, technical infrastructure limitations, and the need for instructor training. Ethical considerations around algorithmic bias and transparency in AI-supported learning environments also highlighted. The review finds a growing trend toward hybrid pedagogical models that combine AI support with human-led instruction, suggesting enhanced learning efficacy when AI tools integrated thoughtfully into curricula. Finally, this review proposes a set of research recommendations such as developing explainable AI systems tailored to database education, longitudinal studies to measure learning impacts, and frameworks for scalable implementation. Addressing these avenues can facilitate more effective and equitable AI-enhanced education in computer science.

Abstract Brain metastases represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults, frequently requiring multimodal management including surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The optimal timing of SRS—either administered preoperatively or postoperatively— remains a subject of ongoing debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare clinical outcomes between preoperative and postoperative SRS in patients undergoing surgical resection for brain metastases. A comprehensive literature search conducted across major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 2025. Studies directly comparing preoperative and postoperative SRS in adult patients with resectable brain metastases were included. Primary outcomes were local control, leptomeningeal disease (LMD) incidence, radiation necrosis, overall survival (OS), and distant brain failure (DBF). Data were pooled using random-effects models, and heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic. Across eligible retrospective and prospective cohort studies, preoperative SRS demonstrated significantly lower rates of LMD and symptomatic radiation necrosis compared with postoperative SRS. Local control rates were comparable between groups, while overall survival did not differ significantly. Preoperative SRS was associated with improved target delineation and reduced irradiation volume, potentially explaining the lower complication rates. In conclusion, preoperative SRS appears to provide similar oncologic control with reduced treatment-related toxicity compared to postoperative SRS. These findings support consideration of preoperative SRS as an effective alternative strategy in appropriately selected patients, although randomized controlled trials are required to confirm long-term comparative benefits.

Abstract Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a well-established neurosurgical intervention for movement disorders, particularly Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Accurate electrode placement is critical for optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimizing complications. Conventional DBS techniques rely on frame-based stereotactic systems and intraoperative microelectrode recording, while robot-assisted DBS has emerged as a technological advancement aimed at improving precision, reducing operative time, and enhancing patient safety. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical and surgical outcomes of robot-assisted DBS with conventional techniques across published studies, assessing efficacy, safety, accuracy, and procedural efficiency.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published up to February 2026. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series comparing robot-assisted DBS with conventional methods. Data on clinical outcomes (motor improvement, quality of life, and medication reduction), surgical outcomes (operative time, electrode placement accuracy, and complication rates), and adverse events were extracted. Meta-analytic techniques using random-effects models applied to pooled data, and heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.

Results: Twenty-one studies involving 1,342 patients met the inclusion criteria. Robot-assisted DBS demonstrated comparable or superior clinical efficacy compared with conventional techniques, with significantly improved electrode placement accuracy (mean difference: 0.78 mm; 95% CI: 0.42–1.14; p < 0.001). Operative times reduced in robot-assisted procedures by an average of 32 minutes per case. Complication rates, including hemorrhage and infection, were similar between groups. Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefits of robotic assistance particularly pronounced in complex or bilateral procedures. Conclusions: Robot-assisted DBS offers a reliable and precise alternative to conventional techniques, with comparable clinical outcomes, improved surgical accuracy, and reduced operative time. These findings support broader adoption of robotic systems in DBS surgery, particularly for centers aiming to enhance procedural efficiency and patient safety.