Medicinal, Psychological, and Health Research Journal (MPHRJ)

Abstract Dermal fillers are widely used in aesthetic medicine for facial rejuvenation and volume restoration. Although generally considered safe, complications—ranging from mild to severe—can occur. Patient-related factors significantly contribute to the risk, nature, and severity of these adverse effects. This review explores how age, medical history, skin type, lifestyle habits (such as smoking and sun exposure), and immune status influence the development of dermal filler complications. Inadequate patient selection and insufficient pre-treatment assessment can lead to undesirable outcomes including granuloma formation, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and vascular compromise. Moreover, psychological factors and unrealistic expectations may complicate the therapeutic course. Prevention begins with thorough patient evaluation, informed consent, and individualized treatment planning. In the event of complications, early recognition and a tailored treatment strategy—ranging from conservative management to enzymatic or surgical intervention—are crucial. Understanding patient-specific risks not only enhances safety but also optimizes outcomes. This article aims to guide clinicians in integrating patient factors into the prevention, assessment, and treatment of dermal filler complications, ultimately contributing to safer and more effective aesthetic practices.

Abstract Renal colic, a severe and common urological emergency, poses persistent diagnostic and management challenges despite advances in imaging and therapeutic modalities. Conventional approaches, including non-contrast computed tomography and ultrasonography, are limited by radiation exposure, operator dependency, and diagnostic variability. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) encompassing machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and data-driven predictive analytics has emerged as a transformative tool in medical diagnostics and clinical decision-making. This review synthesizes current evidence on the application of AI in the diagnosis and management of renal colic, highlighting its opportunities, limitations, and future potential.

AI-assisted imaging models have demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to expert radiologists in detecting and characterizing urinary stones, while also enabling low-dose imaging and automated obstruction grading. Predictive algorithms integrating clinical, biochemical, and imaging data can estimate the likelihood of spontaneous stone passage, recurrence, and treatment response, supporting personalized and cost-effective care. Furthermore, AI-driven systems are increasingly integrated into emergency department workflows and telemedicine platforms to optimize triage and reduce diagnostic delays.

Despite these promising developments, significant challenges remain regarding data quality, model generalizability, ethical governance, and clinical validation. Future directions include the integration of multi-omics data, federated learning for privacy-preserving collaboration, and explainable AI for transparent clinical interpretation. Ultimately, AI holds the potential to redefine renal colic management through enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and individualized care marking a critical step toward precision urology.

Abstract Backroad and aim: One of the most common spinal disorders is spondylolisthesis, which leads to chronic pain, functional limitations, and neurological symptoms in the individual. Open surgery is the standard treatment for it, but it is associated with significant complications. Minimally invasive methods have been introduced, but strong comparative evidence on their effectiveness is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive versus open spinal fusion techniques for spondylolisthesis.

Method: In the present study, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched between 2015 and 2025 with targeted keywords. Ten relevant studies, including randomized clinical trials and retrospective and prospective cohorts, were included in the analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework. Meta-analysis was performed using stata.v17 software.

Result: The meta-analysis showed that MI methods significantly reduced patients' leg pain and functional disability (MD = -1.44 for leg pain, -2.91 for ODI). The mean difference in back pain between the two groups was not significant (MD = -1.04, p=0.069). The quality of evidence for most outcomes was moderate to high.

Conclusion: Minimally invasive procedures are a suitable and effective option for treating spondylolisthesis for OS replacement; however, it is important to consider the patient's clinical condition and treatment goals.

Abstract Background and aim: Cervical spine surgeries are associated with a risk of neurological complications. Intraoperative neurological monitoring (IONM) is used as a tool to prevent these complications, but the results of previous studies are conflicting. , the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IONM in preventing neurological complications during cervical spine surgery.
Method: present systematic review and meta-analysis included 12 cohort studies from international databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, from January 1, 2015 to May 10, 2025, using keywords aligned with the study objective. The statistical analysis was performed with Stata/MP.v17 as fixed effect models.
Result: The sensitivity of IONM was 0.916 (95% CI: 0.872–0.960) and specificity was 0.851 (95% CI: 0.827–0.876). The positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated to be 0.926 (95% CI: 0.902–0.951) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was estimated to be 0.833 (95% CI: 0.751–0.916).
Conclusion: IONM is a highly sensitive and specific tool for preventing neurological complications during cervical spine surgeries. Despite the positive effect, heterogeneity between studies and differences in protocols indicate the need for further studies and standardization of monitoring protocols.

Abstract Introduction: Traumatic nasal surgery commonly leads to early postoperative complications that may affect airway stability, patient comfort, and overall recovery quality. Understanding the frequency and pattern of these events is essential for improving perioperative management. By systematically evaluating outcomes within the first 24 hours after surgery, this study aims to provide clearer insight into the early postoperative course of affected patients.

Material and methods: The study was designed as an observational investigation conducted at Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, enrolling 50 patients based on a sample size estimated using the standard population mean formula. All participants underwent general anesthesia with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, atracurium, and lidocaine, followed by structured postoperative monitoring to assess early complications within the first 24 hours after traumatic nasal surgery.

Results: The study population consisted of young, mostly healthy patients, predominantly male, with stable baseline characteristics. Post‑anesthesia complications were generally mild, with nausea being the most common, followed by dizziness and shivering. Vomiting and bradycardia occurred infrequently. Age‑ and gender‑based synthetic comparisons showed similar patterns, suggesting minimal influence of demographic factors within this narrow clinical profile.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings demonstrate that postoperative complications in this young and clinically stable cohort were limited in severity and largely dominated by nausea, dizziness, and shivering. The uniform distribution of events across age and gender groups suggests that demographic factors played a minor role in early postoperative risk.

Abstract Introduction: Acute postoperative pain is common after traumatic nasal surgeries, even when regional anesthesia is used. Pethidine remains an essential rescue analgesic for breakthrough pain. Evaluating its usage trend helps assess the adequacy of nerve blocks, identify rebound pain, and optimize multimodal analgesia strategies to ensure effective, individualized postoperative pain management in these patients.

Material and methods: This observational study at Imam Reza Hospital (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences) evaluated trends in pethidine requirements after traumatic nasal surgery under regional anesthesia. A convenience sample of 50 adults was enrolled based on the single population proportion formula. Standardized anesthesia with midazolam, fentanyl, lidocaine, and supplemental propofol was used, and postoperative pain and complications were assessed over 24 hours.

Results: The analysis showed that most patients were young adults with BMI values clustered within the normal to overweight range. Pethidine requirements peaked shortly after recovery-room discharge and declined steadily over 24 hours. Patients with higher BMI demonstrated noticeably greater opioid consumption, suggesting that anthropometric characteristics play a meaningful role in shaping postoperative pain intensity and analgesic demand.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that acute postoperative pain following traumatic nasal surgery is most intense during the early hours and that BMI is a key determinant of increased pethidine need. While regional anesthesia effectively reduces overall analgesic demand, patients with elevated BMI may benefit from reinforced pain control strategies. Overall, adopting individualized, risk adjusted analgesic plans could enhance patient comfort, limit opioid exposure, and improve postoperative recovery outcomes.