Medicinal, Psychological, and Health Research Journal (MPHRJ)

Abstract Introduction: Early detection of lung cancer can be effective in the treatment process. However, it is difficult to detect this cancer in its early stages. Because its symptoms are similar to a respiratory infection.

Material and method: In the current study, the issue investigated by reviewing 42 articles and considering key words such as "radiological images", "diagnosis", "airway tumors", "clinical care", “Systematic Review” in Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed databases.

Findings: Lung cancer treatments are designed to get rid of the cancer in the body or slow its growth. Treatments can eliminate cancer cells, help destroy them, or prevent them from multiplying, or teach your immune system to fight them. Some treatments are also used to reduce symptoms and relieve pain. Your treatment will depend on the type of lung cancer, its location, how far it has spread, and many other factors.

Conclusion: Graphene oxide was prepared using the Hammer method. The structural integrity of the synthesized graphene oxide was verified and confirmed using FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopies, and TEM imaging. The different responses of the biosensor Nano sensor to healthy and mutated DNA enabled the detection of lung cancer. Therefore, by relying on nanotechnology, it is possible to detect lung cancer through fast, easy and cost-effective methods.

Abstract Introduction: Maintaining hemodynamic stability during orthopedic surgery is crucial to reducing perioperative complications. Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, has been increasingly utilized for its sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic properties. This systematic review evaluates the preventive effects of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic stability in orthopedic surgery patients.

Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies investigating dexmedetomidine’s impact on hemodynamic parameters. Data extraction included study design, patient demographics, dexmedetomidine dosing, intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and postoperative hemodynamic stability. Meta-analysis was performed where applicable.

Results: Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced intraoperative MAP fluctuations and heart rate variability compared to controls (p < 0.001). Postoperative hypertension (8.73% vs. 21.35%; p = 0.014) and tachycardia (10.24% vs. 26.57%; p = 0.008) were also lower in the dexmedetomidine group. Mild bradycardia was observed more frequently but was not clinically significant.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine enhances perioperative hemodynamic stability in orthopedic surgery, reducing intraoperative fluctuations and postoperative cardiovascular events. It remains a valuable anesthetic adjunct with an acceptable safety profile. Future research should focus on optimal dosing strategies.

Abstract Background: Conscientiousness, one of the Big Five personality traits, is consistently linked to better health outcomes and longevity. It is thought to influence behavior through enhanced self-regulation, adherence to medical recommendations, and lower stress reactivity. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has emerged as a reliable biomarker for chronic physiological stress. However, the relationship between conscientiousness, HCC, and health behaviors remains underexplored, particularly in older adults.

Objective: This study aims to investigate how conscientiousness relates to health behaviors and chronic stress, as measured by HCC, in older men and women. It also explores potential sex differences in these associations.

Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 350 older adults (aged 65–85) was recruited. Participants completed standardized assessments of personality traits, including conscientiousness, and reported on health-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, and medication adherence). Hair samples were collected and analyzed for cortisol concentration using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Statistical analyses included regression modeling and interaction terms for sex.

Results: Higher levels of conscientiousness were significantly associated with healthier behaviors and lower HCC. These associations remained robust after controlling for age, education, and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between conscientiousness and HCC was stronger in women, suggesting possible sex-related moderating effects.

Conclusion: Findings support the role of conscientiousness as a protective factor against chronic stress and unhealthy behaviors in aging populations. Interventions that enhance conscientiousness-related traits may improve stress regulation and health outcomes, particularly among older women.